PMC

Temperature dependences ln (IT) = f(1000/T) of molecular ions currents in the mass spectra of molecules of N-oxides 1 and 5 of pyridine series used to determine the sublimation enthalpies (data recording modes are given in parentheses): (a) 4-CH₃PyO 1 (heating‒cooling‒ heating); (b) 2-CH₃-4-NO₂PyO 5 (cooling‒heating‒ cooling).

Relationship between white dwarf temperature and sublimation radius for forsterite, fayalite, iron, and enstatite. We compute the radius of transition from radiative to sublimative cooling (the sublimation radius), and thus the inner edge of a dusty debris disk, as a function of white dwarf temperature for these four species for the most probable white dwarf mass (0.6 M_solar), and the most probable range of white dwarf masses (0.5 and 0.7 M_solar). Dashed and dash-dotted lines denote the rigid body Roche limit for densities of 3500 and 2000 kg/m³ respectively.

Images (Sucrose solution (c = 0.15 w/w with 50 K/min cooling rate)) of fissured sublimation fronts due to the local microstructure: (a) high resolution to resolve microstructure; lamella structure which is perpendicular to the drying front dries faster. (b) Lower resolution to resolve global sublimation front; areas which dries faster compared to others due to different microstructures.

Influence of the microstructure on the local sublimation front velocity for maltodextrin (c = 0.15 w/w, 1 K/min cooling rate). (a) Lyomicroscope Image and (b) Results.